Pregnancy Physiology

Cardiovascular

1.      Gant NF, Worley RJ, Everett RB, MacDonald PC. Control of vascular responsiveness during human pregnancy. Kidney Int 1980 Aug;18(2):253-8

2.      Gei AF, Hankins GD. Cardiac disease and pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, Volume 28 • Number 3 • September 2001

3.      Deitchner SR, Gardner FJ. Physiologic changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis during normal pregnancy. Clinics in Liver Disease, Volume 3 • Number 1 • February 1999

4.      Spaanderman ME, Meertens M, van Bussel M, Ekhart TH, Peeters LL. Cardiac output increases independently of basal metabolic rate in early human pregnancy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000 May;278(5):H1585-H1588

5.      Sparey C, Haddad N, Sissons G, Rosser S, de Cossart L. The effect of pregnancy on the lower-limb venous system of women with varicose veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999 Oct;18(4):294-299

6.      O'Day MP. Cardio-respiratory physiological adaptation of pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 1997 Aug;21(4):268-275

7.      Ekholm EM, Erkkola RU. Autonomic cardiovascular control in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996 Jan;64(1):29-36

Respiratory

1.      Tan KS, Thomson NC.  Asthma in pregnancy. Am J Med 2000 Dec 15;109(9):727-33

2.      Kallen B, Rydhstroem H, Aberg A. Asthma during pregnancy--a population based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2000 Feb;16(2):167-71

3.      Jadad AR, Sigouin C, Mohide PT, Levine M, Fuentes M. Risk of congenital malformations associated with treatment of asthma during early pregnancy. Lancet 2000 Jan 8;355(9198):119

4.      Cydulka RK, Emerman CL, Schreiber D, Molander KH, Woodruff PG, Camargo CA. Acute asthma among pregnant women presenting to the emergency department. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 Sep;160(3):887-92

5.      Ritz B, Yu F, Chapa G, Fruin S. Effect of air pollution on preterm birth among children born in Southern California between 1989 and 1993. Epidemiology 2000 Sep;11(5):502-11

6.      Bobak M, Outdoor air pollution, low birth weight, and prematurity. Environ Health Perspect 2000 Feb;108(2):173-6

7.      Bobak M, Leon DA, Pregnancy outcomes and outdoor air pollution: an ecological study in districts of the Czech Republic 1986-8. Occup Environ Med 1999 Aug;56(8):539-43

8.      Pereira LA, Loomis D, Conceicao GM, Braga AL, Arcas RM, Kishi HS, Singer JM, Bohm GM, Saldiva PH. Association between air pollution and intrauterine mortality in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Environ Health Perspect 1998 Jun;106(6):325-9

9.      Wang X, Ding H, Ryan L, Xu X. Association between air pollution and low birth weight: a community-based study. Environ Health Perspect 1997 May;105(5):514-20

10.  Incaudo GA. Diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis during pregnancy and lactation. Clin Rev Allergy 1987 Nov;5(4):325-37

11.  Minotti DA. Pregnancy and atopic diseases. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, Volume 19 • Number 1 • February 1999

12.  Wise RA, Polito AJ. Respiratory physiologic changes in pregnancy. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, Volume 20 • Number 4 • November 2000

13.  Ellegard EK, Karlsson NG.. Nasal mucociliary transport in pregnancy. Am J Rhinol 2000 Nov;14(6):375-378

14.  Burdon J. Breathlessness and pregnancy. Aust Fam Physician 2000 May;29(5):451-452

15.  Clerici C. [Modifications of respiratory function during pregnancy]. Rev Pneumol Clin 1999 Oct;55(5):307-311 [Article in French]

16.  Wolfe LA, Kemp JG, Heenan AP, Preston RJ, Ohtake PJ. Acid-base regulation and control of ventilation in human pregnancy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998 Sep;76(9):815-827

17.  Garcia-Rio F, Pino JM, Gomez L, Alvarez-Sala R, Villasante C, Villamor J. Regulation of breathing and perception of dyspnea in healthy pregnant women. Chest 1996 Aug;110(2):446-453

Gastrointestinal

1.      Everson GT. Gastrointestinal motility in pregnancy.  Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992 Dec;21(4):751-76

2.      Mattingly RF, Borkowf HI. Clinical implications of ureteral reflux in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1978 Sep;21(3):863-73

3.      Agnew CL, Ross MG, Fujino Y, Ervin MG, Day L, Kullama LK.  Maternal/fetal dehydration: prolonged effects and responses to oral rehydration. Am J Physiol 1993 Jan;264(1 Pt 2):R197-203

4.      Einarson A, Mastroiacovo P, Arnon J, Ornoy A, Addis A, Malm H, Koren G.  Prospective, controlled, multicentre study of loperamide in pregnancy.  Can J Gastroenterol 2000 Mar;14(3):185-7

5.      Snell LH, Haughey BP, Buck G, Marecki MA. Metabolic crisis: hyperemesis gravidarum. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 1998 Sep;12(2):26-37

6.      Nelson-Piercy C. Treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. When should it be treated and what can be safely taken? Drug Saf 1998 Aug;19(2):155-64

7.      Caeiro JP, DuPont HL. Management of travellers' diarrhoea. Drugs 1998 Jul;56(1):73-81

8.      Urbanski PK. How does hydration affect preterm labor? AWHONN Lifelines 1997 Jun;1(3):25

9.      Hunt CM, Sharara AI. Liver Disease in Pregnancy. American Family Physician, Volume 59 • Number 4 • February 15, 1999

10.  Walsh JW, Hasler WL, Nugent CE, Owyang C, Progesterone and estrogen are potential mediators of gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias in nausea of pregnancy. Am J Physiol 1996 Mar;270(3 Pt 1):G506-14

11.  Wald A, Van Thiel DH, Hoechstetter L, Gavaler JS, Egler KM, Verm R, Scott L, Lester R. Effect of pregnancy on gastrointestinal transit. Dig Dis Sci 1982 Nov;27(11):1015-8

12.  Everson GT. Gastrointestinal motility in pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992 Dec;21(4):751-76

13.  Cohen S. The sluggish gallbladder of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1980 Feb 14;302(7):397-9

14.  Winbery SL, Blaho KE. Dyspepsia in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, Volume 28 • Number 2 • June 2001

Genitourinary

1.      McGregor JA, French JI. Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy.  Obstet Gynecol Surv 2000 May;55(5 Suppl 1):S1-19

2.      Ovalle A, Levancini M.  Urinary tract infections in pregnancy.  Curr Opin Urol 2001 Jan;11(1):55-59

3.      Briggs GG, Bodendorier TW, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ.  Drugs in Pregnancy & Lactation.  Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD p.200

4.      Mattingly RF, Borkowf HI. Clinical implications of ureteral reflux in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1978 Sep;21(3):863-73

Immunology

1.      Pregnancy and immunity. Editorial. Stirrat GM.  BMJ 1994 May 28;308(6941):1385-6  And Comment in: BMJ. 1994 Jul 9;309(6947):130.

2.      Billington WD. The normal fetomaternal immune relationship. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1992;6:417-38.

3.      Manyonda IT, Pereira RS, Pearoe JM, Shattook CEM. Limiting dilution analysis of the allo-MHC anti-paternal cytotoxic T cell response. I. Normal primigravid and multiparous pregnancies. Clin Exp Immunol 1993;93:126-31.

4.      Wegmann TG, Lin H, Guilbert L Mosmann TR. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal- fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a Th2 phenomenon? Immunol Today 1993;14:353-6. 

5.      Dudley DJ, Chen C-L, Mitchell MD, Daynes RA, Araneo BA. Adaptive immune responses during murine pregnancy: pregnancy - induced regulation of lymphokine production by activated T lymphocytes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:1155-63.

6.      Holmes CH, Simpson KL. Complement and pregnancy: new insights into the immunobiology of the fetomaternal relationship. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1992;6:439-60.

7.      Hart CA. Pregnancy and host resistance. Clinical Immunology and Allergy 1988;2:735-57.  Paryani SG, Arvin AM. Intrauterine infection with varicella-zoster virus after maternal varicella. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1542-6.

8.      Lee S. Pregnancy and immunity. BMJ 1994 Jul 9;309(6947):130  Pregnancy and immunity. Comment on: BMJ. 1994 May 28;308(6941):1385-6.

9.      Sacks G, Sargent I, Redman C. An innate view of human pregnancy. Immunol Today 1999 Mar;20(3):114-8  Comment in: Immunol Today. 1999 Nov;20(11):534. Immunol Today. 2000 Apr;21(4):200-1.

10.  Sargent IL.  Maternal and fetal immune responses during pregnancy.  Exp Clin Immunogenet 1993;10(2):85-102